在校园兼职市场快速发展的背景下,传统的信息对接方式已难以满足企业与学生双方的需求。信息不对称、流程繁琐、安全性难以保障等问题制约着校园兼职市场的健康发展。为此,我们设计并实现了一款名为"校园职通"的智能兼职对接平台,采用成熟的SSM(Spring+Spring MVC+MyBatis)技术栈构建,为企业与学生提供高效、安全的兼职招聘服务。
系统架构与技术栈
系统采用经典的三层架构设计,确保各层职责分离,提高代码的可维护性和可扩展性。表现层使用Spring MVC框架处理用户请求和视图解析,通过注解驱动的控制器实现前后端数据交互。业务逻辑层基于Spring IoC容器管理服务组件的依赖注入和事务控制,保证业务操作的一致性。数据持久层则依托MyBatis的灵活SQL映射机制,通过XML配置实现对象关系映射,支持复杂的动态查询。
技术选型方面,后端使用Java 8作为主要开发语言,前端采用HTML5、CSS3和JavaScript构建响应式界面,数据库使用MySQL 5.7存储业务数据。这种技术组合在保证系统稳定性的同时,也降低了部署和维护成本。
数据库设计亮点
聊天表设计优化
聊天功能是平台的核心交互模块,其表结构设计体现了多项数据库优化策略:
CREATE TABLE `chat` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id_fa` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '发送方',
`user_id_jie` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '接收方',
`content` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '内容',
`image` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片',
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '建立时间',
`is_look` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '消息是否已查看,0:未查看,1:已查看',
`is_remove_fa` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '发送方判断是否删除',
`is_remove_jie` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '接收方判断是否删除',
`chat_signal` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '聊天信号',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
KEY `user_id_fa` (`user_id_fa`) USING BTREE,
KEY `user_id_jie` (`user_id_jie`) USING BTREE,
CONSTRAINT `chat_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id_fa`) REFERENCES `user` (`user_id`),
CONSTRAINT `chat_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id_jie`) REFERENCES `user` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=23 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='聊天表'
该表设计具有以下技术亮点:
- 双向外键约束:通过
user_id_fa和user_id_jie分别关联用户表,确保聊天双方用户的合法性 - 软删除机制:使用
is_remove_fa和is_remove_jie字段实现消息的软删除,避免数据真正删除导致的信息丢失 - 阅读状态追踪:
is_look字段精确记录消息的阅读状态,为已读回执功能提供数据支持 - 复合索引优化:为两个用户ID字段分别建立索引,提升多用户场景下的查询性能
论坛表设计分析
CREATE TABLE `forum` (
`forum_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '关联用户表',
`title` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '标题',
`content` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '内容',
`image` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '图片',
`is_effect` int(11) DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '是否有效1是0否',
`create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '建立时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`forum_id`) USING BTREE,
KEY `u_id` (`user_id`) USING BTREE,
CONSTRAINT `forum_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`user_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=19 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='帖子表'
论坛表采用状态位设计,is_effect字段实现帖子的软删除和内容审核功能。ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT选项优化了存储空间,特别适合文本内容的存储。外键约束保证发帖用户的合法性,避免垃圾帖子的产生。

核心功能实现
广告管理模块
广告管理是平台商业化运营的重要功能,控制器层采用清晰的URL映射和规范的异常处理机制:
package com.work.controller;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.work.common.utils.BaseUtil;
import com.work.common.utils.JsonUtil;
import com.work.pojo.Adver;
import com.work.pojo.User;
import com.work.service.AdverService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/server/adver")
public class AdverController extends BaseUtil{
@Autowired
private AdverService adverService;
// 分页获取广告列表
@RequestMapping("/getAdverList")
public void getAdverList(HttpServletResponse response,Adver adver,Integer page,Integer limit){
if(page == null){
page = 1;
}
if(limit == null){
limit = 10;
}
int totalCount = adverService.getAdverListCount(adver);
List<Adver> list = adverService.getAdverList(adver,(page-1) * limit, limit);
output(response,JsonUtil.buildJsonByTotalCount(list, totalCount));
}
// 添加广告
@RequestMapping("/addAdver")
public void addAdver(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,Adver adver){
User serverUser = (User) request.getSession().getAttribute("serverUser");
adver.setCreateTime(new Date());
adver.setUserId(serverUser.getUserId());
adverService.addAdver(adver);
output(response,JsonUtil.buildFalseJson(0, "添加成功!"));
}
// 更新广告信息
@RequestMapping("/updateAdver")
public void updateAdver(HttpServletResponse response,Adver adver){
adverService.updateAdver(adver);
output(response,JsonUtil.buildFalseJson(0, "编辑成功!"));
}
// 删除广告
@RequestMapping("/deleteAdver")
public void deleteAdver(HttpServletResponse response,Integer id){
adverService.deleteAdverById(id);
output(response,JsonUtil.buildFalseJson(0, "删除成功!"));
}
}
服务层实现业务逻辑的封装和事务管理:
@Service
public class AdverServiceImpl implements AdverService {
@Autowired
private AdverMapper adverMapper;
@Override
@Transactional
public void addAdver(Adver adver) {
// 参数验证
if(adver.getTitle() == null || adver.getTitle().trim().isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("广告标题不能为空");
}
if(adver.getContent() == null || adver.getContent().trim().isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("广告内容不能为空");
}
// 业务逻辑处理
if(adver.getPosition() != null) {
// 检查广告位是否被占用
Adver existingAdver = adverMapper.selectByPosition(adver.getPosition());
if(existingAdver != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("该广告位已被占用");
}
}
// 数据持久化
adverMapper.insert(adver);
}
@Override
public List<Adver> getAdverList(Adver adver, Integer page, Integer limit) {
Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
params.put("adver", adver);
params.put("page", page);
params.put("limit", limit);
return adverMapper.selectAdverList(params);
}
}
数据访问层使用MyBatis的动态SQL实现灵活查询:
<!-- AdverMapper.xml -->
<mapper namespace="com.work.mapper.AdverMapper">
<select id="selectAdverList" parameterType="map" resultType="com.work.pojo.Adver">
SELECT * FROM adver
<where>
<if test="adver.title != null and adver.title != ''">
AND title LIKE CONCAT('%', #{adver.title}, '%')
</if>
<if test="adver.position != null">
AND position = #{adver.position}
</if>
<if test="adver.userId != null">
AND user_id = #{adver.userId}
</if>
</where>
ORDER BY create_time DESC
<if test="limit != null and page != null">
LIMIT #{page}, #{limit}
</if>
</select>
<insert id="insert" parameterType="com.work.pojo.Adver"
useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
INSERT INTO adver (user_id, title, content, image, position, create_time)
VALUES (#{userId}, #{title}, #{content}, #{image}, #{position}, #{createTime})
</insert>
</mapper>

实时聊天系统
在线聊天功能采用WebSocket技术实现实时通信,前端界面提供友好的交互体验:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/chat")
public class ChatController {
@Autowired
private ChatService chatService;
// 获取聊天记录
@RequestMapping("/getChatHistory")
@ResponseBody
public AjaxResult getChatHistory(Integer userIdFa, Integer userIdJie) {
try {
List<Chat> chatList = chatService.getChatHistory(userIdFa, userIdJie);
return AjaxResult.success(chatList);
} catch (Exception e) {
return AjaxResult.error("获取聊天记录失败");
}
}
// 发送消息
@RequestMapping("/sendMessage")
@ResponseBody
public AjaxResult sendMessage(Chat chat) {
try {
chat.setCreateTime(new Date());
chat.setIsLook(0);
chatService.sendMessage(chat);
return AjaxResult.success("发送成功");
} catch (Exception e) {
return AjaxResult.error("发送失败");
}
}
}
聊天服务层实现消息存储和状态更新:
@Service
public class ChatServiceImpl implements ChatService {
@Autowired
private ChatMapper chatMapper;
@Override
@Transactional
public void sendMessage(Chat chat) {
// 消息内容验证
if (chat.getContent() == null || chat.getContent().trim().isEmpty()) {
throw new RuntimeException("消息内容不能为空");
}
if (chat.getUserIdFa() == null || chat.getUserIdJie() == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("聊天用户信息不完整");
}
// 生成聊天信号,用于建立聊天会话
if (chat.getChatSignal() == null) {
String chatSignal = generateChatSignal(chat.getUserIdFa(), chat.getUserIdJie());
chat.setChatSignal(chatSignal);
}
chatMapper.insert(chat);
// 实时推送消息
pushMessageToUser(chat);
}
private String generateChatSignal(Integer userId1, Integer userId2) {
int minId = Math.min(userId1, userId2);
int maxId = Math.max(userId1, userId2);
return "chat_" + minId + "_" + maxId;
}
}

论坛管理功能
论坛模块支持用户发帖、回帖、内容审核等功能,采用富文本编辑器提升内容编辑体验:
@Service
public class ForumServiceImpl implements ForumService {
@Autowired
private ForumMapper forumMapper;
@Override
@Transactional
public void publishPost(Forum forum) {
// 内容安全检查
if (!contentSecurityCheck(forum.getContent())) {
throw new RuntimeException("内容包含违规信息");
}
// 敏感词过滤
forum.setContent(sensitiveWordFilter(forum.getContent()));
forum.setCreateTime(new Date());
forum.setIsEffect(1); // 默认有效
forumMapper.insert(forum);
}
@Override
public PageInfo<Forum> getForumList(Forum forum, Integer page, Integer limit) {
PageHelper.startPage(page, limit);
List<Forum> list = forumMapper.selectForumList(forum);
return new PageInfo<>(list);
}
// 内容审核
@Override
@Transactional
public void auditPost(Integer forumId, Integer isEffect) {
Forum forum = new Forum();
forum.setForumId(forumId);
forum.setIsEffect(isEffect);
forumMapper.update(forum);
}
}
论坛数据访问层实现复杂查询:
<mapper namespace="com.work.mapper.ForumMapper">
<select id="selectForumList" parameterType="com.work.pojo.Forum"
resultMap="ForumResult">
SELECT f.*, u.nick_name as user_nick_name
FROM forum f
LEFT JOIN user u ON f.user_id = u.user_id
<where>
f.is_effect = 1
<if test="title != null and title != ''">
AND f.title LIKE CONCAT('%', #{title}, '%')
</if>
<if test="userId != null">
AND f.user_id = #{userId}
</if>
</where>
ORDER BY f.create_time DESC
</select>
<resultMap id="ForumResult" type="com.work.pojo.Forum">
<id property="forumId" column="forum_id"/>
<result property="userId" column="user_id"/>
<result property="title" column="title"/>
<result property="content" column="content"/>
<result property="image" column="image"/>
<result property="isEffect" column="is_effect"/>
<result property="createTime" column="create_time"/>
<association property="user" javaType="com.work.pojo.User">
<result property="nickName" column="user_nick_name"/>
</association>
</resultMap>
</mapper>
实体模型设计
系统采用面向对象的设计思想,实体类设计充分体现业务需求:
// 广告实体类
public class Adver {
private Integer id;
private Integer userId;
private String title;
private String content;
private String image;
private Integer position;
private Date createTime;
// 关联用户信息
private User user;
// getter和setter方法
public Integer getId() { return id; }
public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; }
public Integer getUserId() { return userId; }
public void setUserId(Integer userId) { this.userId = userId; }
// 其他getter/setter方法...
}
// 聊天实体类
public class Chat {
private Integer id;
private Integer userIdFa;
private Integer userIdJie;
private String content;
private String image;
private Date createTime;
private Integer isLook;
private Integer isRemoveFa;
private Integer isRemoveJie;
private String chatSignal;
// 关联用户信息
private User sendUser; // 发送方用户信息
private User receiveUser; // 接收方用户信息
// getter和setter方法
}
功能展望与优化
基于当前系统架构,未来可从以下几个方向进行优化和扩展:
1. 引入Redis缓存提升性能
@Service
public class AdverServiceWithCache {
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;
@Autowired
private AdverMapper adverMapper;
private static final String ADVER_CACHE_KEY = "adver:list:";
private static final long CACHE_EXPIRE_TIME = 3600; // 1小时
public List<Adver> getAdverListWithCache(Adver adver) {
String cacheKey = ADVER_CACHE_KEY + adver.getPosition();
// 先查缓存
List<Adver> cachedList = (List<Adver>) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(cacheKey);
if (cachedList != null) {
return cachedList;
}
// 缓存未命中,查询数据库
List<Adver> dbList = adverMapper.selectAdverList(adver);
// 写入缓存
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(cacheKey, dbList, CACHE_EXPIRE_TIME, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return dbList;
}
}
2. 消息队列异步处理
引入RabbitMQ处理高并发场景下的消息通知:
@Component
public class MessageQueueService {
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;
// 发送聊天消息到队列
public void sendChatMessage(Chat chat) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("chat.exchange", "chat.routing.key", chat);
}
// 处理聊天消息的消费者
@RabbitListener(queues = "chat.queue")
public void processChatMessage(Chat chat) {
// 异步处理消息存储和推送
chatService.asyncProcessMessage(chat);
}
}
3. 微服务架构改造
将单体应用拆分为多个微服务:
- 用户服务:处理用户注册、登录、信息管理
- 招聘服务:管理岗位发布、简历投递
- 聊天服务:专门处理实时通信
- 论坛服务:管理社区内容